Seismo[graphics]

SCATENI'S SEISMOGRAPH

In order to begin to understand the task of designing an apparatus that tracks the movement of the vessels relative to the shift in tides and sediments, Phil has suggested I look into earthquake technology - seismography etc... I found a fantastic set of drawings and accompanying explanations at the following site at http://www.gutenburg.org/

Italy, with her volcanic nature, has very naturally made a specialty of movements of the ground, or seismic perturbations. So the larger part of the apparatus designed for such study are due to Italians. For the observation of the vertical and horizontal motions of the ground, different apparatus are required. The following is a description of those constructed for each of such purposes by the Brassart Brothers. Some of the explanation are a little long-winded, but necessary to really comprehend the beautiful complexity of these machines...

APPARATUS FOR THE STUDY OF HORIZONTAL SEISMIC MOVEMENTS.

Apparatus for Studying Horizontal Movements.—A lever, movable about a horizontal axis, carries a corrugated funnel, i, at one of its extremities. At the other extremity it is provided with a counterpoise which permits of its being exactly balanced, while not interfering with its sensitiveness.

DETAILS OF THE APPARATUS.

The opening of the funnel passes freely around a column, v, upon which is placed in equilibrium a rod that terminates in a weight, P. The corrugations of the funnel carry letters indicating the four cardinal points, and the funnel itself is capable of revolving in such a way that the marked indications shall always correspond to the real position of the cardinal points. When a horizontal shock occurs, the weight, P, falls in a direction opposite thereto, and into one of the corrugations, where it rests, so that the direction of the shock is indicated. But, in falling, it causes the lever, F, to tilt, and this brings about an electric contact between the screw, h, and the column, n, which sends a current into the electro, E, so that the armature of the latter is attracted. In its position of rest this armature holds a series of parts, S, A, L, which have the effect of stopping the pendulum of a clock placed upon the same apparatus. At the moment, then, that the armature is attracted the pendulum is set free and the clockwork is started. As the current, at the same time, sets a bell ringing, the observer comes and arranges the apparatus again to await a new shock. Knowing the hour at which the hand of the clock was stopped, he sees how long it has been in motion again and deduces therefrom the precise moment of the shock.

The small rod, f, which is seen at the extremity of F, is for the purpose of allowing electricity to be dispensed with, if need be. In this case the screw, h, is so regulated that F descends farther, and that f may depress the armature of the magnet just as the current would have done.

APPARATUS FOR THE STUDY OF VERTICAL MOVEMENTS

Apparatus for the Study of Vertical Movements.—In this apparatus, the contact is formed between a mercury cup, T, and a weight, D. The cup is capable of being raised and lowered by means of a screw, so that the two parts approach each other very closely without touching. At the moment of a vertical shock a contact occurs between the mercury and weight, and there results a current which, acting upon the electro, E, frees the pendulum of the clock as in the preceding apparatus. In this case, in order that the contact may be continuous and that the bell may be rung, the piece, A, upon falling, sets up a permanent contact with the part, a.

ROSSI'S TREMITOSCOPE

BRASSART'S SEISMIC CLOCK